Supreme Patriarch Suk Kai Thuean’s Method of Visualizing the Elements

Introduction Supreme Patriarch Suk Kai Thuean (1733–1822), or Somdet Suk, is one of the towering figures in the burgeoning field of boran kammaṭṭhāna (Thai: kammathan baep boran), the premodern esoteric Theravāda meditation tradition. Prior to the 19th-century monastic reform, his lineage was the dominant form of meditation in Bangkok, practiced by kings, heads of the…